https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/ Social Capital Management en daily 1 Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108819.html https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108459.html The present study aimed to validate a scale of social capital based on the Holy Qur’an from the perspective of primary school teachers in Baghdad Province, Iraq. The study adopted a quantitative approach and employed a descriptive-survey design. The statistical population comprised all primary school teachers in Baghdad Province. Given the nature of the study and based on the subject-to-item ratio, a sample of 250 teachers was selected through convenience sampling. The Qur’an-based Social Capital Scale served as the research instrument, and experts confirmed its content and face validity. Its validity and reliability were then assessed through item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha. The results of the item analysis indicated that each item had a significant correlation with both its corresponding subscale and the total scale score. Furthermore, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the items and components of the scale possessed satisfactory factor loadings for explaining the dimensions of Qur’an-based social capital. In addition, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients demonstrated the favorable reliability of the scale and its subscales. Accordingly, the Qur’an-based Social Capital Scale enjoys adequate validity and reliability among the population of Iraqi teachers and can be used in research and evaluations related to social capital. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108125.html Objective: Social capital is one of the most important invisible resources in society that can fundamentally transform the level of perceived security among citizens. In this regard, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between social capital and the perceived social security among the citizens of Qazvin city. Research Method: The research methodology is survey-based and employs a quantitative approach. The statistical population included all citizens aged 15 and above in Qazvin city. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 383 individuals was selected. The sampling method was stratified random sampling proportional to size. A researcher-made questionnaire served as the data collection tool, and the data were analyzed using SPSS. Findings: The results of the correlation test showed a positive and significant relationship between social capital and its dimensions (social trust, social participation, social cohesion, and social support) with the perceived social security. The results of multiple regression analysis also indicated that 35.6% of the variance in the dependent variable, perceived social security, was explained by the independent variables in the model, including social trust, social cohesion, social participation, and social support. Conclusion: The findings of this research confirm the vital role of social capital in enhancing the sense of security among the citizens of Qazvin. Strengthening components such as trust, participation, cohesion, and social support can be considered a key strategy for improving the quality of life and the feeling of social security within the urban area. Therefore, social and urban policymaking should take into account the central role of social capital to move towards creating a safer and more sustainable environment for the citizens of Qazvin. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_107547.html Objective: The present study was conducted to promote social capital through the mediation model of audience media literacy. Method: The research method was qualitative utilizing grounded theory, following the Strauss and Corbin approach. This approach was grounded in an inductive method and was adopted with the aim of bridging the gap between research and a theoretical conceptualization. This approach is characterized as both structured and interpretive. In accordance with the findings, the open implemented text proceeded to reach specific categorized subsets. Using the theoretical sampling method, 19 individuals were recruited until reaching the saturation point. The data were interpreted through a three-stage analytical process grounded in the theoretical frameworks of social capital and media literacy, and analyzed using MAXQDA software. First, the interviews were converted into text and the data analysis process began. A line-by-line analysis was used for open coding, and along with the expansion of concepts and categories, open, axial, and selective coding was performed. Findings: The findings were obtained in five dimensions including contextual conditions (audience conditions, media communities, access, etc.), causal conditions (method and the extent of use, functional skills, the separation of media industries, consumption regime, psychological security, leisure time, and audience identity), intervening factors (factors related to the audience, media factors, and environmental factors), strategies (media impact, targeted media advertising, development and media literacy relationship, etc.), and consequences (sense of security, media competition, social participation, etc.). These dimensions include main and sub-categories and constitute media literacy indicators that can ultimately help promote social capital. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, media literacy indicators were identified and categorized, and a media literacy mediation model for audiences was designed and presented to promote social capital. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_107773.html Objective: This study aims to critically analyze the dialectical relationship between empathy and social capital in public policy-making, and to identify theoretical gaps, dominant assumptions, and discursive silences within the existing literature.Methodology: Adopting a critical review approach, a systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. After screening 445 initial sources and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 authoritative sources were selected for final analysis. Data were analyzed using a critical appraisal form and three-stage coding (descriptive, analytical, and critical). Findings: The critical analysis reveals that the dominant discourse in the literature suffers from three fundamental shortcomings: (1) the prevalence of an instrumental and individualistic approach to empathy, reducing it to a personal skill for improving interactions; (2) linear and overly optimistic causal narratives that overlook the dark side of empathy (including in-group bias, emotional burnout, and the reproduction of inequality); and (3) a complete absence of framing social capital—particularly its linking dimension (vertical relationships between citizens and power institutions)—within the analyses. Furthermore, the technical-algorithmic discourse reduces empathy to the optimization of emotion prediction, detaching it from its ethical and institutional context. Conclusion: Rather than analyzing the dialectical relationship between empathy and social capital, the existing literature reduces empathy to an individual skill for improving interpersonal interactions and neglects the transformative potential of institutional empathy. This research emphasizes the necessity of moving from instrumental empathy to radical empathy. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_107136.html Objective: In recent decades, digital transformation and the expansion of intelligent technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), have presented unprecedented challenges and opportunities for public sector organizations. These changes have not only reshaped work processes and decision-making but also elevated the critical role of social capital—including networks, trust, and human interactions within organizations. This study was conducted with the aim of designing a data-driven model of social capital transformation in public organizations under the influence of artificial intelligence using the grounded theory approach. Method: The study is applied in purpose, descriptive-survey in data collection, and qualitative in nature based on grounded theory. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 experts in management and information technology within public organizations. Sampling was purposeful and theoretical, with participants recruited based on their specialized knowledge and professional experience relevant to the research topic, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Results: Rapid changes in public sector environments and the expansion of intelligent technologies have highlighted the need for social capital transformation. The study showed that AI acts not only as a supportive tool but also as a shaping force for social structures, decision-making processes, and human interactions. Key causal factors include technological drivers (algorithmic governance, intelligent decision-support systems, algorithmic transparency, and accountability), cognitive-human drivers (perceived job threat, employees’ digital literacy, data-driven culture), and governance-institutional drivers (data governance and AI ethics, transformative leadership, alignment of values, and technology). Contextual factors, such as bureaucratic structure, organizational culture, prior social capital, and the macro digital governance environment, provide the necessary foundation for the interaction of technology and social capital. Furthermore, intervening variables—including digital maturity, external oversight and regulations, prior organizational trust, digital change management, and algorithmic bias—moderate the strength and direction of the effects of causal factors on the core phenomenon: social capital reconfiguration and techno-social convergence. Key strategies identified include digital empowerment of employees, transparent algorithmic governance, and fostering technological collaboration. The outcomes of this transformation include enhanced digital trust, restructured interaction networks, algorithmic justice, organizational cohesion, and public trust. Conclusions: The findings indicate that, when properly implemented and aligned with organizational strategies, AI can serve as a sustainable organizational capability, strengthening social capital, restructuring it, and improving techno-social convergence in public organizations. This transformation enhances data-driven decision-making, organizational efficiency, resilience, and public trust, demonstrating that the intelligent integration of technology and social capital is a prerequisite for the success of public organizations in the digital era. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108483.html Objective: The present study aimed to explain the role of social capital in the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) maturity of Iranian professional sports clubs. Methodology: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and the Glaserian Grounded Theory method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 experts (including sports management specialists, professional club managers, and experts in corporate social responsibility and sustainable development) who were selected using purposive and theoretical sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open, selective, and theoretical coding. The reliability of the coding was confirmed using the test-retest method (89%) and intra-subject agreement (88%). Findings: The data analysis yielded 52 initial codes categorized into four main categories, including structural, relational, and cognitive social capital, and the challenges and requirements of ESG maturity. Within this framework, “social capital as a driver of ESG maturity in professional sports clubs” emerged as the core category. The findings indicate that communication networks, mutual trust, and shared values enhance clubs’ operational capacity to implement sustainability policies. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that the three dimensions of social capital serve as the pivotal mechanism for ESG maturity in clubs; however, transitioning to the desired state of sustainability depends on addressing structural challenges such as weak governance, the lack of reporting systems, insufficient strategic prioritization, and establishing the necessary institutional and cultural prerequisites within the country’s professional sports sector. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_90244.html One of the important mechanisms of combating social crimes is the element of social capital. Law enforcement agencies cannot provide social security without the presence of social capital. The main purpose of the research is to study the role of social capital components in crime prevention.Method: Analytical method of meta-analytical-quantitative type, its tool is reverse questionnaire, in the period of 1390 to 1399, using non-probability sampling method. After collecting articles from Nurmagz, Academic Jihad Scientific Database, Mag-Iran and Alamnet, among 21 research articles, 15 research documents have been selected as a sample volume.Findings: The adjusted results show that the group of young people (0.49%) and university students (0.42%) had the greatest impact and the group of imprisoned criminals (0.10%) had the least impact on crime prevention. The overall effect of the statistical population group on crime prevention is equal to 0.39 percent. Turkish (0.44 percent) and Arab (0.36 percent) ethnic groups have the most and Fars and Kurdish (0.29 percent) ethnic groups have the least effect as a mediating variable on crime prevention, and the overall effect of ethnic identity on crime prevention is equal to 0.48 percent. The level of the province has a significant effect on crime prevention and its amount is equal to 0.27%, the amount of this effect is greater in less developed (0.44%) and developing (0.30%) than developed (0.21%) provinces. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_95121.html Perceived injustice is one of the social harms that is considered as a reducing element of social capital. Perceived injustice through the drivers of social justice reduction, such as affluenza and pretend consumption, will reduce social capital. This research is based on a practical purpose and in terms of method, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Khorram Abad city, which at the 95% confidence level, the sample size is equal to 384 people, and they were selected by available sampling method. In the current research, a questionnaire was used to collect information, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed by content validity method and Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling method and PLS software have been used to test hypotheses and analyze data. The results of the data show that the affluenza (pretentious consumption) has a positive and significant effect on social capital both directly and through the mediating variable of perceived injustice. Therefore, as a general conclusion, it should be stated that the phenomenon of affluenza and pretend consumption causes perceived injustice and in this way will weaken social capital. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_95380.html Innovation, among the key success factors of companies, has been noticed by academics and experts in recent years. The purpose of this study is to examine the literature trends that relate the study of social capital to innovation. Social capital, as a resource in a social network, is the basis for creating competitiveness and sustainable advantage for companies. In today's era, companies need innovation to maintain their advantages and competitiveness, so study of social capital related to innovation has become importanc as an emerging issue in recent years. Innovative achievements and innovation performance of companies determined by their social capital.In this research, using the Bibliometric tool on the data extracted from the Web of Sciences platform, a total of 939 studies have been indexed. A schematic overview of research trends on this topic provided. The results show trends, journals and countries of social capital and innovation research. Our findings also highlight the limitations of the current literature and suggest future research directions important in field of social capital. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_95388.html The present research has investigated the role and position of education in the Frankfurt School for obtaining social capital. In terms of the purpose of the present research, it is of the type of applied research and in terms of the method of implementation, it belongs to the category of qualitative research and research method.Social education should be discussed and investigated from different perspectives, and its characteristics, goals, dimensions, functions and implications should be scientifically discussed and investigated from the perspective of different schools and experts so that by knowing more about it, accurate and scientific planning can be done to promote and improve social education at the community level.Among the schools whose opinions and ideas are widely used and considered in the field of education is the Frankfurt school. In this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of examining social education from the perspective of experts of the Frankfurt School and its educational reasons, and the results showed that the Frankfurt School states that when the practice fails, the theoretical roots of this practice should be revised and it was found from the point of view of Frankfurt school experts, they believe in grouping based on intellectual origins in the field of social education, distinguishing ideology from truth, establishing a system to serve the people of society, education as a tool to establish stability and the effect of all factors on academic success. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_100240.html Social capital is considered one of the most important factors in the success and efficiency of organizations. It can also play a significant role in the efficient management of Preschools education. This phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of preschool directors regarding the role of social capital in the efficient management of preschool centers. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 10 experienced directors, the research revealed that their perceptions of the role of social capital in the efficient management of these centers included 87 subthemes, 16 main themes, and 4 overarching categories: directors, stakeholders, policies and processes, and tools. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_105559.html The aim of the present study was to present a social data-based model of Iranian school-building benefactors. To conduct this applied research, a qualitative method and a data-based theory strategy were used. The field of study was all key informants, experts and scholars in the field of social capital and members of school-building benefactors, 16 of whom were interviewed using a purposive sampling method and a theoretical strategy. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. To analyze the qualitative findings, an open, axial and selective coding method was used. The results of the research showed that "social capital of school-building donors and social participation of donors" were proposed as the central categories, "attracting talents in the school-building donors' assembly, accountability, knowledge management and motivation" as causal conditions, "continuous monitoring and organization, strategic plan, interaction and communication and technology-centered" as strategies, the categories of "donor group and people's and donors' beliefs and attitudes" as the context, "cultural environment, political-legal factors and economic factors" as intervening conditions. Attention to the social capital of school-building donors has positive organizational and social consequences. The paradigmatic model of the present study can contribute significantly to the development of social capital and the improvement of trust and social participation of school-building donors and to the growth of culture, improvement of educational quality and justice, and scientific progress of the country. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108070.html Objective The study investigated bridging and linking social capital as a strategic driver of sustainable economic diversification in sports management of oil-dependent countries, focusing on Iraq until 2050. Method A mixed qualitative futures studies approach was used. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 28 experts (diverse in ethnicity, geography, and organization) and two focus group workshops. Thematic analysis and scenario planning were conducted, identifying two uncertainty axes (socio-political cohesion and economic diversification). Four scenarios were developed and validated via expert workshops. Findings Eight themes were extracted, with structural weakness of social capital as the main barrier to diversification (predominance of bonding and deficiency in bridging/linking). Positive drivers included youth population, digital media/e-sports, and international partnerships. Uncertainties involved oil price volatility, corruption, and infrastructure deficits. Four scenarios emerged: “Gardens of Baghdad” (desirable, 4-5% non-oil GDP share from sports), “Calm Rivers” (most probable, ~50%), “Divided Desert” (undesirable), and “Sandstorm” (collapse). Strategies were resilient (e-sports, revenue fund), adaptive (ethnic quotas, transparency), and directive (league commercialization, national inclusion, integration into Vision 2050). Conclusion Without reinforcing bridging and linking social capital, sports in oil-dependent countries like Iraq remains rent-dependent and unable to drive diversification. By harnessing youth, digital platforms, and partnerships, and implementing the proposed strategies, Iraq can achieve a significant non-oil GDP contribution from sports, supporting long-term economic resilience. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108134.html پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدلی برای توسعه سرمایه اجتماعی با توجه به نقش آن در اثربخشی مدیران سازمان انجام شده است. برای این منظور، شرکت راه‌آهن جمهوری اسلامی ایران به‌عنوان مورد مطالعه انتخاب گردید.روش پژوهش: روش پژوهش به صورت کیفی و از نوع پژوهش‌های میدانی به حساب می‌آید. در این پژوهش، پژوهشگر در قالب روش‌های گردآوری داده، به صورت بررسی اسناد و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و همچنین انجام مصاحبه، داده‌های اولیه مورد نیاز را گردآوری کرده است. روش اصلی جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش، انجام مصاحبه‌های عمیق می‌باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را مدیران شرکت راه‌آهن جمهوری اسلامی ایران تشکیل می‌دهند. محقق با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و پس از انجام مصاحبه با ۹ نفر از مدیران، به اشباع نظری دست یافت. روش اصلی تحلیل داده‌ها نیز نظریه‌پردازی داده‌بنیاد می‌باشد.یافته‌های پژوهش: یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که فرهنگ سازمانی، ساختار سازمانی و شبکه‌های ارتباطی به‌عنوان عوامل علی، نقش اساسی در شکل‌گیری سرمایه اجتماعی ایفا می‌کنند. علاوه بر این، محیط سازمانی، منابع انسانی و فناوری‌های نوین به‌عنوان شرایط زمینه‌ای، بستر تحقق یا تضعیف این سرمایه را فراهم می‌سازند.در این میان، موانع فرهنگی، ساختاری و مدیریتی می‌توانند مسیر توسعه سرمایه اجتماعی را با چالش مواجه کنند. در مقابل، راهبردهایی نظیر تدوین استراتژی‌های سازمانی، بهبود ارتباطات و تقویت فرهنگ سازمانی، نقش کلیدی در هدایت سازمان به‌سوی پیامدهای مطلوب دارند. پیامدهای حاصل از توسعه سرمایه اجتماعی شامل افزایش کارایی و اثربخشی، رشد و توسعه سازمانی و دستیابی به مزیت رقابتی پایدار است. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108532.html With the advent of modernity and the scientific and technological changes that resulted from it, the credibility of religion and belief underwent fundamental changes over time. Religion is one of the factors that create functions that social capital also has in a way. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining sociologically the effect of religiosity on social capital among women in Bastak. The statistical population was all women over the age of 15, and 210 people were selected as samples using the Cochran formula using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. The theoretical framework was a combination of the theories of Durkheim, Comte, Tocqueville, Weber, and Davis. This research was conducted using a survey method and questionnaire technique, and the validity of the questionnaire was measured in a formal way and its reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha statistic. The level of religiosity was measured based on the multidimensional model of Glock and Stark and social capital was measured in three dimensions of social participation, trust, and awareness by Ghasemi et al. The results of the bivariate analysis indicate a significant relationship between the religiosity and the participation dimension of social capital. Furthermore, regression results reveal a positive and direct relationship between social capital and the ritualistic, consequential, and emotional dimensions of religiosity. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108762.html This research seeks to identify the mechanisms through which audit quality indicators can strengthen public trust and enhance organizational social capital. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in nature. In the quantitative part, correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to test hypotheses, and financial data of listed companies were analyzed in the period 2019-2023. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews with experts and qualitative content analysis were used. The time horizon of the research is cross-sectional-longitudinal, and the main variables include audit quality indicators - including auditor experience and expertise, independence, size of the audit firm, and type of opinion - public trust, and organizational social capital .The research findings show that audit quality indicators explain a total of 58.7% of the changes in public trust and organizational social capital, and among the three categories of indicators, process indicators (such as the percentage of hours of participation of the responsible partner) with a beta coefficient of 0.391 have the greatest effect on input and output indicators. Path analysis with SmartPLS software also showed that audit quality (path coefficient of 0.684) strengthens public trust; this finding is consistent with the content which identified active participation of the responsible partner and transparency of the audit process as the most important perceptual factors of trust-building from the perspective of stakeholders. Accordingly, prioritizing strengthening audit process indicators can be a specific and measurable strategy for promoting the health of the Iranian capital market and the trust of stakeholders. https://jscm.ut.ac.ir/article_108941.html Objective: This study aims to explain the factors associated with elites’ trust in government, with particular emphasis on social capital and hope for the future, using a layered causal analysis approach. Method: The study employed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis and the four levels of layered causal analysis: litany, systemic, discourse/worldview, and myth/metaphor. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire comprising 46 items across six constructs—transparency, accountability, perceived corruption, hope for the future, social capital, and elite trust—was administered to 123 respondents in Qazvin Province. The quantitative data were analyzed using reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results: The qualitative findings identified structural, social, discursive, and metaphorical dimensions of elite trust. The quantitative analysis was used to evaluate the measurement properties of the six constructs and to test the hypothesized structural relationships among them. The reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency for the overall instrument and its subscales. The direct and indirect effects among the constructs were evaluated based on the final structural model. Conclusion: The findings support a multidimensional understanding of elite trust in government in which institutional, social, and future-oriented factors are interconnected. The integration of qualitative layered analysis with quantitative structural modeling provides a framework for examining the mechanisms associated with elite trust in the context of Qazvin Province.