Non-Governmental Organizations and its Implications for the Production of Social Capital: An Ethnographic Study of Non-Governmental Organizations in Sardasht

Document Type : Research/Original/Regular

Authors

1 Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Department of Sociology,Faculty of Humanities, farhangian University, Sanandaj, Iran

3 Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan

10.22059/jscm.2024.369982.2478

Abstract

Nearly three decades have passed since the activity of non-governmental organizations in Sardasht; associations formed based on economic, social, cultural and environmental needs.The present research analyzes the strategies of non-governmental organizations in the production of social capital and identifies their capital-generating and capital-depriving experiences with a qualitative approach and urban ethnography methodology, through the mediation and analysis of the activities of civil activists in non-governmental organizations. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The research samples consisted of 34 civil activists in 31 non-governmental organizations in Sardasht. The number of samples were selected through theoretical saturation and the maximum diversity sampling method was also used. Based on the narrative of civil activists, despite the discontinuity in the institutional and social support, non-governmental organizations through strategies such as "sharing norms and values," "collective action," "social networking" and "social trust" have contributed to the production of social capital. In addition, the experiences of civil activists have been the carriers of capital-generating and capital-depriving experiences. Decapitalization experiences along with the production of limited and intra-group social capital have hindered the expansion of societal community and the expansion of social development and have perpetuated social fragmentation in Sardasht.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

پاتنام، رابرت (1380). دمکراسی و سنت‌های مدنی. مترجم: محمدتقی دلفروز، تهران: نی.
رزاقی، نادر و لطفی، بهنام (1397). تحلیل جامعه‏شناختی چالش‌های بقا و پایداری سازمان‌های مردم‌نهادِ فعال در حوزة آسیب‌های اجتماعی؛ با تأکید بر رابطة آن‌ها با دولت، جامعه‏شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی، 5(11)128-97.
عبداللهی، محمد (1383). توسعة اجتماعی، فرایند مدیریت و توسعه، ۱۸(۴) 21-14.
عربی، علی و دالوند، فرانک (1400). سمن‏ها، سرمایة اجتماعی و مدارا (مورد مطالعه: سمن‏های فعال جوانان سطح شهر شیراز 1397 - 1398)، مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان، 20(53) 48 - 32.
قادرزاده، امید و کریمی، ایوب (1399). فعالیت در سازمان‏های مردم‏نهاد؛ برساخت شبکة ارتباطی جدید به‏ مثابة جایگزین محدودیت‏های ساختاری: ارائة نظریة زمینه‏ای، مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 11(1) 232-203.
فوکویاما، فرانسیس (1385). پایان نظم: سرمایۀ اجتماعی و حفظ آن. مترجم: غلام‌عباس توسلی، تهران: قلم نوین.
فیلد، جان (1388). سرمایۀ اجتماعی. مترجمان: غلام‏رضا غفاری، حسین رمضانی، تهران: کویر.
کاف، ای.سی؛ شاروک، دبلیو. دبلیو و فرانسیس، دی. دبلیو (1388). چشم‏اندازهایی در جامعه‏شناسی. مترجمان: بهزاد احمدی، امید قادرزاده، تهران: کویر.
کلمن، جیمز (1377). بنیاد نظریه‌های جامعه‌شناسی. مترجم: منوچهر صبوری، تهران: نی.
محمدجانی، محمدرضا و دستغیب، سید احمدرضا (1397). عوامل مؤثر بر اثربخشی سازمان‏های مردم‏نهاد جوانان استان فارس، مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان، 17(42) 214-187.
ولکوک، مایکل و همکاران (1389). سرمایۀ اجتماعی: اعتماد، دمکراسی، و توسعه. مترجمان: حسن پویان و افشین خاکباز، تهران: شیرازه.
یعقوبی، الهام؛ محمدی، سارا؛ نوشیروان بابلی، پگاه و خان‌محمدی، هادی (1400). تحلیل تأثیر و تأثر اهم مسائل سازمان‏های مردم‏نهاد در ایران، مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی، 11(40) 100 - 74.
Abdollahi, M.(2004). Social Development, JMDP, 18 (4)14-21.(in Persian).
Abom, B. (2004). Social capital, NGOs, and development: A Guatemalan case study, Development in Practice, 14(3) 342-353.
Ali, R., Naseem, M. A., & Farooq, M. M. (2011). Social capital impact on economic development (a theoretical perspective), International Journal of Business Management & Economic Research, 2(4) 270-277.‏
 Arab,A.,  Dalvand,F.(2021). NGOs, Social Capital and Tolerance (Case Study: Active NGOs in Shiraz), Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports, 20(50)32-38.(in Persian).
Abu-lughod, L. (1991). Writing against culture in Richard G. Fox, Recapturing Anthropology, 62-137. Sante Fe, NMex: School of American Research Press.
Buckland, J. (1998). Social capital and sustainability of NGO intermediated development projects in Bangladesh, Community Development Journal, 33(3) 236–248.
Claridge, T. (2018). Functions of social capital–bonding, bridging, linking. Social capital research, 20(1) 1-7.
Cockburn, T. & Cockburn-Wootten, C. (2022). Redefining Social Capital and Social Networks in Global Civil Society, Oberoi, R., Halsall, J.P., & Snowden, M. (Ed.). Contestations in Global Civil Society, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, 119-156.
Coleman, J. (1998). Foundation of Sociological Theorie. Translated by Manochehar Sabouri. Tehran: Ney. (in Persian)
Cuff, E. C., Dennis, A. J., Francis, D. W., & Sharrock, W. W. (2009). Perspectives in Sociology. Translated by (B. Ahmadi,B., & Ghaderzadeh,O), Tehran: Kavir.(in Persian).
Evans, P. (1996). Government action, social capital and development: reviewing the evidence of synergy, World Development, 24(6) 1119–1132.
Field, J. (2008). Social capital. Translated by Gholam-Reza Ghafari and Hossein Ramezani. Tehran: Kavir. (in Persian)
Fukuyama, F. (2000). The end of the order of checking social capital and maintaining it. Translated by GholamAbbas Tavasli. Tehran: Jamia Iranian Publishing House. (in Persian)
Ghaderzadeh, O., Karimi, A. (2020). NGOs; Constructing a New Communication Network as an Alternative for Structural Constraints: Providing a Grounded Theory, Social Problems of Iran, 11(1) 203-232. (in Persian)
Hartmann, D. et al. (2019). The network effects of NGOs on social capital and innovation among smallholder farmers: a case study in Peru, The Annals of Regional Science, 70(1) 633-658.
Islam, M. R. (2016). NGOs, Social Capital and Community Empowerment in Bangladesh. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore.
Jaysawal, N. (2017). Role of Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in Social Capital: A Review, Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(6) 341-351.
Kumar, K. (1978). Prophecy and Progress. (Harmonds Worth): Penguin.
 Mohammad Jaani,M.R., Dastgheib,S.A.R.(2019). Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Youth Non-governmental Organizations in Fars Province, Strategic Studies on Youth and Sport, 17(42)187-214. (in Persian).
Putnam, R. (1995). Bowling alone: America's Declining Social Capital, Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65–78.
-------------. (2001). Democracy and Civil Traditions. Translated by Mohammad-Taghi Delfrooz. Tehran: Political Studies Office of the Ministry of Interior. (in Persian)
Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. Y. (1994). Making Democracy Work, Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton university press.
Rahman, A. (1995). Participatory development: Toward liberation of co‐option? In G. Craig and M. Mayo (Eds.) Community Empowerment: A Reader in Participation and Development. London: Zed Book.
Razzaghi, N. & Lotfi, B. (2017). Sociological analysis of the challenges of survival and sustainability of non-governmental organizations active in the field of social harms; Emphasizing their relationship with the government, Sociology of Social Institutions, 5(11) 25. (in Persian)
Rubio, M. (1997). Perverse Social Capital: Some Evidence from Colombia, Journal of Economic Issues, 31(3) 805–816.
Stone, W. (2011). Measuring Social Capital: Towards a Theoretically Informed Measurement Framework for Researching Social Capital in Family and Community Life, Research Paper No. 24, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Available at http: //www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/stone.html.
Woolcock, M. & Narayan, D. (2000). Social Capital:Implications for Development Theory, Research, and Policy. The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2) 225-49.
Woolcock, M. et al. (2008). Social capital: trust, democracy and development. Translated by Hasan Pouyan and Afshin Khakbaz. Tehran: Shiraze. (in Persian)
 Yaghoobi,E., Noshiravan,P., mohammadi,S ., Khanmohammadi,H.(2021). Analysis of the impact of the most important issues of NGOs in Iran, Strategic Studies of Public Policy,11(40)74-100. (in Persian).
 
Social Capital Management
Volume 11, Issue 3
October 2024
Pages 237-254

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics